If you're preparing products for retail distribution, understanding how to generate proper EAN-13 barcodes is essential for your business success. These standardized codes serve as the universal product identifiers that make inventory management, point-of-sale operations, and supply chain tracking possible worldwide. In this comprehensive guide, we'll walk through everything you need to know about creating valid, scannable EAN-13 barcodes for your products – from understanding their structure to getting legitimate numbers and printing them correctly.
What is an EAN-13 Barcode?
The EAN-13 (European Article Number, now renamed International Article Number) is a 13-digit barcode standard used globally for retail products. As one of the most widely implemented barcode symbologies in the world, EAN-13 codes are essential for any product sold in retail stores across Europe, Australia, and most countries outside North America (where UPC-A is more common, though EAN-13 is also accepted).
These standardized barcodes consist of black bars and white spaces of varying widths that encode a unique 13-digit number. When scanned at checkout, this number immediately identifies your product, its manufacturer, and other relevant details in the retailer's system.
EAN-13 Structure Explained
Understanding the structure of an EAN-13 barcode is crucial before generating one for your product. The 13 digits are organized into four distinct sections:
- GS1 Prefix (first 2-3 digits): These digits indicate the country or economic region where the manufacturer's GS1 company prefix was assigned (not necessarily where the product was made). For example, codes starting with 50 are from the UK, 45 or 49 are from Japan, and 84 indicates Spain.
- Manufacturer Code (next 4-5 digits): This section identifies the manufacturer or company and is assigned by the GS1 organization of the relevant country.
- Product Code (next 5 digits): These digits are assigned by the manufacturer to identify the specific product.
- Check Digit (final digit): This is a mathematically calculated digit that verifies the barcode's integrity when scanned.
The visual barcode itself consists of guard bars at the beginning, middle, and end, with the actual data encoded between them. The 13-digit number appears below the bars for human readability.
Why Use EAN-13 Barcodes for Your Retail Products?
Before diving into how to generate EAN-13 barcodes, let's understand why they're so important for retail businesses:
- Global Acceptance: EAN-13 is accepted by retailers worldwide, making your products ready for international distribution.
- Retail Requirement: Most major retailers require valid EAN-13 (or UPC) barcodes before they'll stock your products.
- Inventory Management: Barcodes streamline inventory tracking, reducing manual errors and saving time.
- Point-of-Sale Efficiency: Scannable barcodes speed up checkout processes, improving customer experience.
- Supply Chain Tracking: Barcodes enable tracking throughout the distribution process.
- Product Authentication: Legitimate barcodes help prevent counterfeiting and unauthorized distribution.
- E-commerce Integration: Many online marketplaces require valid EAN or UPC codes for product listings.
Step-by-Step Guide to Generating EAN-13 Barcodes
Now let's break down the process of creating valid EAN-13 barcodes for your retail products:
Step 1: Obtain a legitimate GS1 Company Prefix
The first and most important step in generating valid EAN-13 barcodes is obtaining a legitimate company prefix from GS1, the global organization that maintains barcode standards.
There are two primary ways to obtain valid EAN-13 numbers:
- Direct from GS1: Visit your country's GS1 organization (e.g., GS1 US, GS1 UK, etc.) and apply for a company prefix. This is the official and recommended method.
- Barcode Resellers: Some companies purchase GS1 numbers in bulk and resell individual numbers to smaller businesses. While potentially less expensive, verify the reseller's legitimacy before purchasing.
Important Note: Avoid generating random numbers or using free online services that claim to provide "free barcodes." Retailers scan these codes against global databases, and invalid numbers will be rejected, potentially causing significant distribution problems for your business.
What You'll Need When Registering with GS1
- Company information and legal business registration details
- An estimate of how many different products you plan to barcode (this helps determine the length of prefix you need)
- Annual turnover/revenue information (fees are often based on company size)
- Payment for registration and annual license fees
The cost of GS1 membership and barcode allocation varies by country and company size, but typically includes an initial registration fee and annual renewal fees. For small businesses with few products, this investment typically ranges from $250-$750 initially, plus annual renewal fees.
Step 2: Plan Your Product Numbering System
Once you have your GS1 Company Prefix, you'll need to create a systematic approach to numbering your products. The number of digits in your prefix determines how many product codes you can create.
For example, if you have a 7-digit company prefix, you'll have 5 digits remaining for your product codes, allowing you to create up to 100,000 unique product identifiers.
Best practices for product code assignment include:
- Logical Grouping: Consider organizing products by category, size, color, or other attributes
- Future Expansion: Leave gaps in numbering to accommodate new product variations
- Documentation: Maintain a detailed database of all product codes and their corresponding items
- Variants: Assign unique codes to each product variant (different sizes, colors, flavors, etc.)
Remember that once you assign an EAN-13 number to a product and it enters the market, that number should never be reused for a different product, even if the original product is discontinued.
Step 3: Calculate the Check Digit
The final 13th digit of an EAN-13 barcode is a check digit that validates the entire code. It's mathematically calculated from the first 12 digits using a specific algorithm:
- Starting from the right (excluding the check digit position), assign weights to each position alternating between 1 and 3 (the rightmost position gets weight 1, then 3, then 1, etc.)
- Multiply each digit by its corresponding weight
- Sum all these products
- The check digit is the smallest number that, when added to this sum, produces a multiple of 10
Here's an example calculation for an EAN-13 with the first 12 digits as 590123412345:
| Position | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digit | 5 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | ? |
| Weight | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | - |
| Product | 5 | 27 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 15 | - |
Sum of products: 5 + 27 + 0 + 3 + 2 + 9 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 9 + 4 + 15 = 83
Next multiple of 10: 90
Check digit: 90 - 83 = 7
Thus, the complete EAN-13 code would be 5901234123457.
While you can calculate this manually, most barcode generators will automatically calculate and add the check digit for you when you enter the first 12 digits of your code.
Step 4: Generate the Barcode Image
With your complete 13-digit code (including the check digit), you're ready to generate the actual barcode image. There are several ways to do this:
Option 1: Online Barcode Generator
The simplest method is to use a reputable online barcode generator. Simple Barcode's online generator allows you to quickly create EAN-13 barcodes by entering your numeric code and customizing various parameters.
When using an online generator, you'll typically need to:
- Select EAN-13 from the barcode type options
- Enter your 12-digit code (the generator will calculate the check digit)
- Adjust size, resolution, and format settings as needed
- Generate and download the barcode in your preferred format (typically PNG, SVG, PDF, or EPS)
Key settings to consider when generating your barcode:
- Size/Dimensions: Standard EAN-13 barcodes should be at least 37.29mm wide × 25.93mm high (including quiet zones and text)
- Resolution: For printing, use at least 300 DPI
- Format: Vector formats (SVG, EPS, PDF) are preferable for printing as they scale without quality loss
- Quiet Zones: Ensure there's adequate white space (quiet zone) on both sides of the barcode
- Human-Readable Text: Include the 13-digit number below the barcode
For professional printing or packaging design, you'll want to download the highest quality version available, preferably in a vector format like SVG or EPS.
Option 2: Barcode Software
For businesses generating many barcodes, dedicated barcode software may be more efficient. These programs offer:
- Batch generation capabilities
- More customization options
- Integration with databases and inventory systems
- Advanced formatting and printing features
Popular barcode software options include BarTender, NiceLabel, and Zebra Designer, though they require a financial investment.
Option 3: Integrate with Product Design Software
If you're designing your own product packaging, many graphic design programs offer barcode generation plugins or capabilities:
- Adobe Illustrator with barcode plugins
- CorelDRAW with barcode wizard
- Specialized packaging design software
This approach allows you to incorporate the barcode directly into your packaging design while ensuring proper specifications.
Step 5: Verify Your Barcode Quality
Before finalizing your product packaging, it's crucial to verify that your barcode is scannable and accurate. Poor-quality barcodes can lead to scanning issues at retail checkouts, causing delays and potential lost sales.
Verification methods include:
- Barcode Verifiers: Professional equipment that grades barcode quality against ISO standards
- Scanning Test: Test scan your barcode with multiple scanners/devices
- Print Test: Create a test print on your intended packaging material to check readability
- GS1 Verification Service: Many GS1 organizations offer verification services
Common issues that can affect barcode quality include:
- Insufficient contrast between bars and spaces
- Incorrect scaling (too small or distorted)
- Poor print quality or resolution
- Inadequate quiet zones around the barcode
- Surface reflections on packaging material
Step 6: Implement the Barcode on Your Packaging
The final step is implementing your verified barcode on your product packaging. Here are some best practices:
Placement Guidelines:
- Flat Surface: Place the barcode on a flat, non-curved portion of the package when possible
- Bottom or Back: Standard placement is on the bottom or back of the package
- Consistent Location: Place barcodes in consistent locations across your product line
- Avoid Edges: Keep barcodes away from edges, seams, or folds
- Orientation: "Ladder" orientation (vertical bars) is preferred on cylindrical products
Printing Specifications:
- Minimum Size: Standard EAN-13 barcodes should be at least 37.29mm × 25.93mm (including quiet zones)
- Print Contrast: Aim for at least 80% contrast between bars and background
- Color Combinations: Black on white is best; avoid red bars as they may not be visible to many scanners
- Surface Treatment: Consider how coatings, laminates, or varnishes might affect scannability
Common EAN-13 Generation Mistakes to Avoid
When generating EAN-13 barcodes, be careful to avoid these common pitfalls:
1. Using Invalid Numbers
The most critical mistake is creating barcodes with invented or invalid numbers. Retailers verify codes against GS1 databases, and invalid numbers will be rejected. This can lead to:
- Rejection of your products by retailers
- Inability to list on major e-commerce platforms
- Potential removal of products already in distribution
- Damage to your business reputation
Always obtain legitimate numbers through GS1 or authorized resellers.
2. Incorrect Size or Scaling
Maintaining the correct proportions is essential for barcode scannability. Common sizing mistakes include:
- Making the barcode too small for reliable scanning
- Stretching or distorting the barcode (changing aspect ratio)
- Insufficient quiet zones around the barcode
Always maintain the correct aspect ratio when scaling, and never go below the minimum size requirements.
3. Poor Print Quality
Print quality issues that can render your barcodes unscannable include:
- Low resolution printing (below 300 DPI)
- Ink bleeding or smudging
- Faded printing on light backgrounds
- Printing on highly reflective or transparent materials without adjustments
Always test-print your barcodes on the actual packaging material before full production.
4. Reusing Numbers
Each product variation requires a unique EAN-13 code. Never reuse a number for a different product, even if:
- The original product has been discontinued
- The product has been rebranded or reformulated
- You're testing or sampling products
Reusing numbers can cause confusion in retail systems, mix up sales data, and lead to inventory errors.
5. Improper Color Combinations
Not all color combinations are scannable. Problem combinations include:
- Red bars (invisible to many scanners)
- Low contrast combinations (yellow on white, light gray on white)
- Reflective or metallic backgrounds
- Reverse printing (white bars on black) without adjustments
Stick with high-contrast combinations, with black bars on a white background being the most reliable.
EAN-13 vs. Other Barcode Types: Understanding the Differences
While EAN-13 is the standard for retail products in most countries, it's important to understand how it compares to other common barcode types:
EAN-13 vs. UPC-A
UPC-A (Universal Product Code) is the standard 12-digit retail barcode used primarily in North America:
- UPC-A is 12 digits, while EAN-13 is 13 digits
- All UPC-A codes can be converted to EAN-13 by adding a leading '0'
- Most modern scanners read both formats
- North American retailers increasingly accept EAN-13 codes
For more information on these differences, visit our guide on the difference between UPC-A and EAN-13.
EAN-13 vs. EAN-8
EAN-8 is a shortened version of EAN-13, used for smaller packaging where a full EAN-13 wouldn't fit:
- EAN-8 is 8 digits (including check digit)
- EAN-8 numbers are directly assigned by GS1 (not derived from your company prefix)
- More expensive to obtain than EAN-13
- Commonly used for small items like candy bars or cosmetics
Learn more about EAN-8 in our EAN-8 barcode guide.
EAN-13 vs. ITF-14
ITF-14 is used primarily for outer packaging and shipping cartons:
- ITF-14 is 14 digits, often created by adding a packaging indicator digit to the front of an EAN-13
- Designed for printing on corrugated cardboard
- More tolerant of lower print quality
- Larger and more robust than EAN-13
For shipping carton applications, see our guide on generating ITF-14 barcodes for cartons.
Advanced EAN-13 Topics
Barcode Databases and Registration
After generating valid EAN-13 barcodes, consider registering your products in relevant databases:
- GS1 Global Registry: The official database of all GS1 identifiers
- Retailer Databases: Many large retailers maintain their own product databases
- Industry Databases: Sector-specific databases (e.g., BookNet for books)
Registration helps ensure your products are recognized throughout the supply chain and can improve your product discoverability.
EAN-13 in E-commerce
Valid EAN-13 barcodes are increasingly important for e-commerce success:
- Amazon, eBay, and other marketplaces often require valid GTINs (including EAN-13) for listings
- Google Shopping uses GTINs to identify and index products
- Valid barcodes can improve search rankings and product matching
- They help prevent counterfeiting and unauthorized selling of your products
Be sure to include your EAN-13 numbers in product data feeds and marketplace listings.
Special EAN-13 Applications
Some specialized uses of EAN-13 include:
- ISBN Conversion: Book ISBNs can be encoded as EAN-13 by adding '978' or '979' prefix
- Variable Weight Products: Some countries use specific EAN-13 prefixes for variable weight items
- Internal Use Codes: Codes starting with prefix '2' are for internal store use
- Coupons and Vouchers: Special EAN-13 formats for promotional items
These special applications typically have their own rules and structures within the EAN-13 framework.
Frequently Asked Questions About EAN-13 Barcodes
How much does it cost to get an EAN-13 barcode?
Costs vary by country and the number of barcodes needed:
- GS1 US: Initial fees range from $250-$10,500 depending on company size and number of products, plus annual renewal fees
- GS1 UK: Starting around £150 for registration plus annual license fees
- Resellers: Typically $5-$30 per individual barcode, often with no renewal fees
While resellers offer lower costs, ensure they provide legitimate GS1-registered numbers that won't cause issues with retailers.
Can I create my own EAN-13 numbers?
No. Valid EAN-13 numbers must be issued through the GS1 system or authorized resellers. Creating your own numbers will result in invalid barcodes that retailers won't accept. Proper registration ensures your codes are unique worldwide and recognized in retail systems.
How long does it take to get EAN-13 barcodes?
Timeframes vary by source:
- GS1: Typically 3-5 business days to process application and assign numbers
- Authorized resellers: Often immediate or within 24 hours
Plan ahead, especially when preparing for product launches or retailer submissions.
Do EAN-13 barcodes expire?
The numbers themselves don't expire, but GS1 membership requires annual renewal fees. If you purchase through GS1 directly and stop paying renewal fees, your prefix may eventually be reassigned. Numbers purchased from resellers typically don't require renewal fees but verify this before purchasing.
Can I use the same barcode for different product variations?
No. Each distinct product variation (different size, color, flavor, etc.) requires its own unique EAN-13 code. Using the same code for multiple variations causes inventory tracking problems and point-of-sale confusion.
Are EAN-13 and GTIN-13 the same thing?
Yes, they refer to the same 13-digit identifier. "EAN-13" typically refers to the barcode symbology (the visual bars and spaces), while "GTIN-13" refers to the 13-digit number itself. The term GTIN (Global Trade Item Number) is part of GS1's effort to standardize terminology across different barcode types.
Tools and Resources for EAN-13 Barcode Generation
Online Generators
For quick and easy barcode generation:
- Simple Barcode Generator: Our easy-to-use tool for creating professional EAN-13 barcodes in multiple formats
- GS1 Check Digit Calculator: For verifying your calculations
- Online verification tools to check barcode quality
Software Solutions
For businesses needing to generate multiple barcodes:
- BarTender by Seagull Scientific
- NiceLabel
- Zebra Designer
- Various inventory management systems with integrated barcode generation
Additional Learning Resources
- Barcode Formats Explained: Our comprehensive guide to different barcode types
- Best Barcode Types for Product Labels: Choosing the right barcode for your application
- How to Export Barcodes in PNG, SVG, PDF: Understanding file formats for different uses
- GS1 Standards Documentation: Official specifications and guidelines
Conclusion
Generating proper EAN-13 barcodes is a crucial step in preparing your products for retail distribution. By following the steps outlined in this guide—obtaining legitimate numbers, understanding the structure, properly generating the images, and implementing them correctly on your packaging—you'll ensure your products can be efficiently tracked, sold, and managed throughout the retail ecosystem.
Remember these key takeaways:
- Always obtain legitimate numbers through GS1 or authorized resellers
- Ensure your barcodes meet size, quality, and placement standards
- Test barcode scannability before finalizing packaging
- Assign unique codes to each product variation
- Consider the barcode type most appropriate for your specific retail environment
Ready to create professional EAN-13 barcodes for your products? Try our online barcode generator for quick, high-quality barcodes that meet international standards. For more complex requirements or bulk generation, explore our premium tools and services designed specifically for businesses like yours.
Related Resources
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- Generate Aztec Codes for Transport
- Are Barcode Generators Safe?
- Free vs Paid Barcode Generators
Take the Next Step with EAN-13 Barcodes
Whether you're launching your first product or expanding your existing retail line, implementing proper EAN-13 barcodes is a critical step toward retail success. By following the comprehensive steps in this guide, you can ensure your products meet international standards and are ready for distribution through all retail channels.
Need help generating professional-quality EAN-13 barcodes? Visit our barcode generator to create compliant, high-resolution barcodes for your products today. Our tools make it easy to get retail-ready barcodes in formats suitable for all packaging and labeling needs.